Peace

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Setting up a NGO in Russia
Peace:May 1787

Russian organizations and contacts

See Oligarchs


American organizations and contacts

War resistors League

World beyond war

Organization Contact Email Notes Notes 2 (placeholder)
United for Peace and Justice Ms. George info.ufpj@gmail.com Focused on domestic now
Veterans for Peace
Foundation for Fundamental Rights
National Network Opposing the Militarization of Youth (NNOMY) Gary David Ghirardi admin@nnomy.org Proposed NNOMY Projects for Interns
American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)
War Resisters League
Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors (CCCO)[1] "completely disbanded"[1]
National Lawyers Guild[1]

Wikipedia Articles written

]

Sociology course work: Week 1

Sociology Class 598 - Week 3

[SOC 598: Social Change and Adjustment (Summer B 2018)]
Week 3: Social Movements, July 13 - 19, 2019
Required Readings
Optional Readings

My discussion leader article

In the readings this week two authors discuss the successes of social movements, particularly the Occupy Wall Street movement.

Langman’s (2013) discussion of Occupy Wall Street relies heavily on the New Social Movement which looks at what motivates activists who strive for cultural change instead of economic accomplishments. She proposes the Occupy Wall Street can be best understood by a loss of legitimacy in economic markets and crises of identity cause by social disorder. For a social movement to form, these crises need to arouse collective negative emotions to mobilize the populace. These economic conditions are observed by activists through a moral prism. Activists must frame and advertise the movement in a way to appeal to the emotional needs of its members (Langman, 2013).

Engler & Engler (2016) explains what happens to a social movement once it has been mobilized. They postulate that disruption and personal sacrifice, along with creating dilemmas for authorities through escalation, is the key to success in social movements. Disruption is when people break the rules and cease to conform to traditional institutional roles. Personal sacrifice is a willingness to risk hardships including arrest or physical harm. Successful movements ask their participants to make personal sacrifices. The Occupy Wall Street movement was both disruptive and involved personal sacrifice (Engler & Engler, 2016).

Both authors conclude that the Occupy Wall Street movement was a success. Langman (2013) argues that the morals of America have changed because of the Occupy movement creating a moral foundation for social change in the future. She feels that it was the right choice that the movement had no concrete goals, because otherwise if they did not meet those goals, they would be seen as a failure. In contrast, Engler & Engler (2016) cite isolated small and personal state victories as successes (Engler & Engler, 2016; Langman, 2013).

Two clips from HBO’s ‘The Newsroom’ depict some of the issues of the Occupy Wall Street movement:

  1. What is the difference between the traditional Marx’s views on social movements and the New Social Movement which Langman esposes? What social movement does Engler & Engler support?
  2. How does Langman's measures of a successful social movement differ from Engler & Engler?
  3. Langman describes the United States as an ‘inverted fascism’ in which society is fragmented to stop resistance. What are examples of ‘inverted fascism’ in these two articles?

REFERENCES

Engler, M., & Engler, P. (2016). This is an uprising: How nonviolent revolt is shaping the twenty-first century. New York: Nation Books.

Langman,L. (2013). Occupy: A new social movement. Current Sociology. 61(4), 510-524.

Poul, A. (Director). (2013). The newsroom [Television series]. Hollywood: HBO.

Final Social Change article

See also: File:Week 6 final paper social change the united states most violent country in world BIGGER.docx
Week 6 final paper social change the united states most violent country in world BIGGER

On any given day a person is displaced, tortured or killed, usually the United States shares the blame

The greatest purveyor of violence in the world today: my own government. I cannot be silent. — Martin Luther King (Cohen & Solomon, 1995; King, 1967).

What are you willing to do for your deepest held beliefs? In September 2015 I moved to Moscow Russia to seek political asylum, knowing that I may never return. I almost died there. In September 2018 I will return yet again to help Russia subvert the United States.

Internationally, the United States is the most violent country in the world. Conservative estimates are that the United States has killed 6 million civilians and soldiers since the end of World War 2 (Tirman, 2011). The London based non-governmental organization Amnesty International explained that, "Throughout the world, on any given day, a man, woman or child is likely to be displaced, tortured, killed…at the hands of governments or armed political groups. More often than not, the United States shares the blame" (Human Rights & US Security Assistance, 1996). The United States "maintains nearly 800 military bases in more than 70 countries" (Vine, 2015).[3] Today the United States nearly spends more on its military that the next fourteen countries combined,[4] accounting for the third of global spending on arms (Carroll, 2016; U.S. defense spending compared to other countries, 2019; Taylor & Karklis, 2016). The United States is the biggest arms seller in the world, selling half of all weapons on the global arms market, many of these arms are sold to friendly dictatorships which use the equipment to brutally suppress domestic and regional threats (Theohary, 2016; United States biggest arms seller, 2016). There are countless examples of American wars being waged today, such as the America's proxy War in Yemen. In the War in Yemen, the United States supplies the planes, arms, and logistical support to Saudi Arabia, it trained the pilots and it refuels the planes in the bombing runs against Yemen (Pawlyk, 2018; Turse, 2011; Wickenden, 2018). According to the United Nations, Yemen now has the "the worst man-made humanitarian crisis of our time". Yemen faces the fastest growing cholera epidemic ever recorded (Nikbakht & McKenzie 2018; Carey & Algethami, 2018).

In The Death of Others, Tirman (2011) asks why the average American is concerned about the number of American troops killed in foreign wars, "but are indifferent, often oblivious, to the far greater number [of civilian casualties]" (Tirman, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015). The author cites three reasons for American's indifference. First, our self-image called the "frontier myth" – in which righteous violence is used to subdue or annihilate savages. The second reason is racism which ties closely into the frontier myth. The third is what social scientists call "just world" theory, which posits that humans "naturally assume that the world should be orderly and rational. When the 'just world' is disrupted, we tend to explain away the event as an aberration." Therefore Americans tend to ignore or blame the victims of American wars (Tirman, 2011, 2012).

One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. — Martin Luther King (1963)

If you were asked to be a member of the Underground Railroad for a slave would you participate? In Nazi Germany, if you had the chance to hide a Jew in your home, would you do it? Conservatively, the United States has killed as many people as Jews in the Holocaust, and they are continuing this death toll even today. While conservatives actively support the deaths of millions, liberals ignore the death tolls and instead focus on the deaths of mass shootings and deaths at the hands of the police, which is an infinitesimal fraction of the people that the United States government kills everyday. “All empires die of indigestion” Napoléon Bonaparte mused (The empire that is dead, 1996). The United States is on the precept of rapid decline and collapse. The last two empires, the Soviet Union in 1991, and the British Empire in 1956, both collapsed peacefully because of the invention of the nuclear bomb (Brown, 2001). Based on my social science research for the past two decades I am convinced that the United States and its people, inventor of the atomic bomb, is different, the United States will not go quietly into the night. Despite my virulent hatred of United States foreign policy and its arrogant and self-righteous people as a whole, I love the culture that I grew up in, I love a small handful of individual people in this county, and I love so much about this incredible capitalist empire. My deepest desire is for the United States to collapse and become a shadow of itself, but to implode peacefully and let China takes its rightful place as leader of the world, as it has done for the majority of the history of mankind.[5]

I have worked in the Peace Movement for two decades. The Peace Movement in the United States is a farce full of "useful idiots".[6] I have a viable plan to create a peace movement in the United States, but I do not have the resources or support of the American oligarchic government (Study: US is an oligarchy, 2014). Space prohibits me from explaining the history of the subversion of political movements by the United States and my personal experiences trying to launch a career in the Peace Movement in Washington DC in 2014 and 2015. As a result, in 2015, over a year before Trump was elected, I moved to Moscow, Russia to help subvert the United States and seek political asylum. I smuggled over a secret cyber security document to show the Russian government my sincerity. I had an incredibly troubling experience, while applying for political asylum the FSB (KGB) lawyer, across the street from the infamous Lubyanka headquarters, had me draw up a list of all of the websites I had created. I had the list on his desk and before I said anything, he pointed to my peace movement political action committee website and said this site is unacceptable. This told me three important factors:

  • Unsurprisingly, like the United States, this proved the FSB was monitoring my internet activity and already knew about the website.
  • At least at the time, the Russian government was not interested in me developing a peace movement against the United States.
  • More importantly it showed that I would have to get the explicit permission of the Russian government to do anything in Russia. As a KGB spy in East Germany, Putin watched the collapse of the Soviet Union and is extremely anti-protest.

My Career Path

My Education

I already have earned three degrees, I have a bachelors in marketing, I am a lawyer, and I have a Masters in International Relations. My law school thesis on American violence in Colombia was my second published book. Currently I am earning a master’s degree in Sociology from ASU while concurrently earning a Masters from a very prestigious university in Moscow, Russia. I am studying in Moscow as a career path for two reasons: 1) To understand and learn the way the Russian elite run the country 2) Make crucial contacts in the Russian government. This university’s alumni includes some of the top leaders and elite of the former Soviet Union. I will apply for an internship at a Russian think tank in the summer of 2019. After graduation my career goal is to work for a Russian think tank or for a member of the Duma, Russia’s congressional body, advising Russia on how to subvert the United States. The ultimate, long term career path is in one to two decades, is to be the first American to ever be elected to the Russian Duma.


References

Brown, D. (2001). 1956: Suez and the end of empire. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2001/mar/14/past.education1

Carey, G. & Algethami, S. (2108). Your Questions About Yemen’s Humanitarian Crisis, Answered. Bloomberg. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-22/who-s-to-blame-for-pestilence-near-famine-in-yemen-quicktake

Carroll, L. (2016). Obama: US spends more on military than next 8 nations combined. Politifact. Retrieved from https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jan/13/barack-obama/obama-us-spends-more-military-next-8-nations-combi/

Cohen, J. & Solomon, N. (1995). The Martin Luther King You Don’t See on TV.[7] Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting. Retrieved from https://fair.org/media-beat-column/the-martin-luther-king-you-dont-see-on-tv/

King, M. (1967). Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence. Common Dreams. Retrieved from https://www.commondreams.org/views04/0115-13.htm

King, M. (1963). Letter from a Birmingham Jail April 16, 1963. African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved from http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html

Nikbakht, D. & McKenzie, S. (2018). The Yemen war is the world's worst humanitarian crisis, UN says. CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/03/middleeast/yemen-worlds-worst-humanitarian-crisis-un-intl/index.html

Pawlyk, O. (2018). General argues to continue refueling Saudi Planes in Yemen fight. Military.com Retrieved from https://www.military.com/daily-news/2018/03/13/general-argues-continue-refueling-saudi-planes-yemen-fight.html

Study: US is an oligarchy, not a democracy. (2104). BBC. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-echochambers-27074746

Taylor, A. & Karklis, L. (2016). This remarkable chart shows how U.S. defense spending dwarfs the rest of the world. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/02/09/this-remarkable-chart-shows-how-u-s-defense-spending-dwarfs-the-rest-of-the-world/?utm_term=.c2f5f0466665

The empire that is dead. (1996). The Herald. Retrieved from http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12123024.The_empire_that_is_dead/

Theohary, C. (2016). Conventional arms transfers to developing nations, 2008-2015. Congressional Research Service (a division of the Library of Congress). Retrieved from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/R44716.pdf

Tirman, J. (2011). The deaths of others: the fate of civilians in america's wars. London, UK: Oxford University Press.

Tirman, J. (2012). The forgotten wages of war. The New York Times. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/04/opinion/the-forgotten-wages-of-war.html

Tirman, J (2013). ‘Kill anything that moves: the real American war in Vietnam’ by Nick Turse. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/kill-anything-that-moves-the-real-american-war-in-vietnam-by-nick-turse/2013/01/25/f6f8db0c-5e95-11e2-90a0-73c8343c6d61_story.html

Tirman, J. (2015). The human cost of war and how to assess the damage. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2015-10-08/human-cost-war

Turse, N. (2011). America's Saudi air war. Al Jazeera. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/03/2011316131230188238.html

U.S. defense spending compared to other countries (2018). Peter G. Peterson Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.pgpf.org/chart-archive/0053_defense-comparison

United States biggest arms seller, sold $40 billion in arms, says report. (2016). FirstPost. Retrieved from https://www.firstpost.com/world/united-states-biggest-arms-seller-sold-40-billion-in-arms-says-report-3176084.html

Human Rights & US Security Assistance (1996). Washington Office of Amnesty International.

Wickenden, D. (2018). The American Bombs Falling on Yemen. The New Yorker. Retrieved from https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/political-scene/the-american-bombs-falling-on-yemen

Vine, D. (2015). Where in the world is the U.S. military? Politco. Retrieved from https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/06/us-military-bases-around-the-world-119321

i In contrast to the United States 800 bases, Russia, Britain and France have a combined total of 30 military bases abroad (Vine, 2015).

ii Figures on how much the United States spends compared to other countries vary widely. From 7 to 26 of the next countries.

[ [iii]] I will non-violently do anything to subvert the United States, I will break any law and commit high treason against this country. Some may argue I already have. I smuggled in a secret document to Russia in 2015, and gave it to FSB (KGB) lawyers across the street from Lubyanka street (http://moscowamerican.com/index.php/Smuggling_classified_secret_cyber_documents_to_Russia). The United States government knows what I have done, indeed, I wrote a letter confessing as much in a FOIA request to the CIA and NSA in April. In addition, I sent a letter to the FBI about potential domestic crimes. I received back a form letter from all three federal organizations stating they could not give me any information. Although I have unsubstantiated theories, I am not sure why I have not prosecuted yet for my myriad of state and federal white collar crimes since I decided this path of action. I am not sure why I am free to leave the United States in September. Because of my activities in Moscow and DC, the United States has a file on me. Based on my study of the prosecution of political dissidents (‎Julian Assange immediately comes to mind) state and/or federal prosecutors could potentially compiling a case against me in which they can prosecute me for something which does not shine light on my larger crimes.

[ [iv]] This is an actual political term.

v Not his real name. I was told not to publish details of what happened in Moscow when I was living there before, lest the government would not allow me to return.

[ [vi]] From Helen Keller to Charlie Chaplain, Americans often sanitize famous Americans. For a more in depth study of this trend, see Loewen, J. (2008). Lies My Teacher Told Me for Young Readers: Everything American History Textbooks Get Wrong. New York City, NY: New Press

Further reading

  • CIA Congress for Cultural Freedom
  • Journal of Peace Research
  • Lawrence Wittner
  • Organizational Psychology and the Peace Movement[8]
    • FULL PDF: File:Organizational Psychology and the Peace Movement ED282109.pdf
      • In spite of the large amount of work done by other psychologists on peace issues, organizational psychologists have not been using the knowledge and methods of their field to help peace organizations. Organizational psychologists could contribute to peace organizations by studying research questions of concern to peace groups and by examining career patterns of peace activists, activist burnout and burnout prevention, and peace group effectiveness. Organizational psychologists could help peace groups through organization development training or career counseling. At the same time, organizational psychology has much to learn from working with peace groups. The field of organizational psychology can learn about decision making in large democratic organizations from innovative peace groups such as "Beyond War," which makes decisions in large groups spread out over the country which simultaneously communicate via video. Organizational psychology can learn about motivation through common vision from peace groups where many workers are extremely motivated by the organization's mission, even in the absence of pay. Also, studies of organizations (such as peace groups) that are anomalous in terms of existing theory have led to innovative and broader theories of organizational effectiveness. There is a need for organizational psychologists to become involved in the peace movement. (NB)

Sociology paper on goals

Introduction – description and significance of the issue

Internationally, the United States is the most violent country in the world today. Conservative estimates are that the United States has killed 6 million civilians and soldiers since the end of World War 2 (Tirman, 2011). The London based non-governmental organization Amnesty International explained that, around the world, "on any given day, a man, woman or child is likely to be displaced, tortured, killed…more often than not, the United States shares the blame" (Human Rights & US Security Assistance, 1996). The United States "maintains nearly 800 military bases in more than 70 countries" (Vine, 2015).[i] Today the United States nearly spends more on its military that the next fourteen countries combined,[ii] accounting for the third of global spending on arms (Carroll, 2016; U.S. defense spending compared to other countries, 2019; Taylor & Karklis, 2016). The United States is the biggest arms seller in the world, selling half of all weapons on the global arms market (Theohary, 2016; United States biggest arms seller, 2016). There are countless examples of American wars being waged today, such as the America's proxy War in Yemen. In this war, the United States supplies the planes, arms, and logistical support to Saudi Arabia, it trained the pilots and it refuels the planes in the bombing runs against Yemen (Pawlyk, 2018; Turse, 2011; Wickenden, 2018). According to the United Nations, Yemen now has the "the worst man-made humanitarian crisis of our time" and faces the fastest growing cholera epidemic ever recorded (Nikbakht & McKenzie 2018; Carey & Algethami, 2018).

[See attached]

(Taylor & Karklis, 2016).

[Unable to attach - http://images.politico.com/global/2015/06/23/backpage-11601.jpg

(Vine, 2015).


What is the most difficult issue to overcome

In The Death of Others, Tirman (2011) asks why the average American is concerned about the number of American troops killed in foreign wars, "but are indifferent, often oblivious, to the far greater number [of civilian casualties]" (Tirman, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015). The author cites three reasons for American's indifference. First, American's self-image called the "frontier myth" – in which righteous violence is used to subdue or annihilate savages. The second reason is racism which ties closely into the frontier myth. The third is what social scientists call "just world" theory, which posits that humans "naturally assume that the world should be orderly and rational. When the 'just world' is disrupted, we tend to explain away the event as an aberration". Therefore Americans tend to ignore or blame the victims of American wars (Tirman, 2011, 2012).

I have personally worked in the Peace Movement for two decades. The Peace Movement in the United States is a disorganized ineffectively managed movement. As Downton and Wehr (1998) explained, for a successful and sustainable peace movement there must be a persistence dedication to the cause of peace. One of the most problematic features of today's peace movement is this lack of persistence in focusing on peace. Many of these groups have changed their primary focus to domestic and environmental issues (Marullo, 1996). I have a viable plan to create a peace movement in the United States, but I do not have the resources or support of the American oligarchic government (Study: US is an oligarchy, 2014). It is outside of the scope of this article to explain why a successful peace movement is not currently viable. But the reasons include the history of the subversion of political movements by the United States government and my personal experiences trying to launch a career in the Peace Movement in Washington DC in 2014. Engler & Engler (2016) explains that it is necessary to disrupt and provide personal sacrifice to create a successful social movement, which I am willing to practice. The problems arises in finding people to rally behind such a movement. As Granovetter (1978) explains there must be a threshold before the general population or a significant number of people join a movement. There simply is not enough interest in international affairs in the general public.

Best course of action - Conclusion

The United States is the most violent country internationally. The vast majority of Americans are indifferent to the plight of those the United States kills. Unlike in the United States, I do not have a viable plan for influencing peace in the United States while I reside in Russia. This is why I am concurrently earning two degrees closely related to social movements and political power. In addition to a master’s degree in Sociology from ASU I am earning a masters from a top university in Moscow, Russia. I am studying in Moscow as a career path for two reasons. First, to understand and learn the way the Russian elite manage the country. Second, to develop crucial contacts in the Russian government. I will apply for an internship at a Russian think tank in the summer of 2019 which will be my ASU capstone project. After graduation my career goal is to work for a Russian think tank or for a member of the Duma, Russia’s congressional body, advising Russia on how to influence and if necessary subvert the United States. I believe a peaceful world is possible, but the United States is the single largest international actor that is in the way of that peace. I have already showed that I am willing to go to any lengths and distance to find a peaceful solution to ending this violence.

References

Carey, G. & Algethami, S. (2108). Your questions about Yemen’s humanitarian crisis, answered. Bloomberg. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-22/who-s-to-blame-for-pestilence-near-famine-in-yemen-quicktake

Carroll, L. (2016). Obama: US spends more on military than next 8 nations combined. Politifact. Retrieved from https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jan/13/barack-obama/obama-us-spends-more-military-next-8-nations-combi/

Downton, J., Wehr, P. (1998). Persistent Pacifism: How Activist Commitment is Developed and Sustained. Journal of Peace Research. 35(5), 531-550. doi: 10.1177/0022343398035005001

Engler, M., & Engler, P. (2016). This is an uprising: How nonviolent revolt is shaping the twenty-first century. New York: Nation Books.

Granovetter, M. (1978) Threshold Models of Collective Behavior. American Journal of Sociology, 83(6), 1420-1443. doi: 10.1086/226707

Human Rights & US Security Assistance (1996). Washington Office of Amnesty International.

Marullo, S. (1996). Frame changes and social movement contraction: U.S. peace movement framing after the cold war. Sociological Inquiry. 66(1), 1-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-682X.1996.tb00206.x

Nikbakht, D. & McKenzie, S. (2018). The Yemen war is the world's worst humanitarian crisis, UN says. CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/03/middleeast/yemen-worlds-worst-humanitarian-crisis-un-intl/index.html

Pawlyk, O. (2018). General argues to continue refueling Saudi Planes in Yemen fight. Military.com Retrieved from https://www.military.com/daily-news/2018/03/13/general-argues-continue-refueling-saudi-planes-yemen-fight.html

Study: US is an oligarchy, not a democracy. (2104). BBC. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-echochambers-27074746

Taylor, A. & Karklis, L. (2016). This remarkable chart shows how U.S. defense spending dwarfs the rest of the world. The Washington Post. [Graph illustration International Institute for Strategic Studies]. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/02/09/this-remarkable-chart-shows-how-u-s-defense-spending-dwarfs-the-rest-of-the-world/?utm_term=.c2f5f0466665

Theohary, C. (2016). Conventional arms transfers to developing nations, 2008-2015.Congressional Research Service (a division of the Library of Congress). Retrieved from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/R44716.pdf

Tirman, J. (2011). The deaths of others: the fate of civilians in America's wars. London, UK: Oxford University Press.

Tirman, J. (2012). The forgotten wages of war. The New York Times. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/04/opinion/the-forgotten-wages-of-war.html https://www.nytimes

Tirman, J (2013). ‘Kill anything that moves: the real American war in Vietnam’ by Nick Turse.The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/kill-anything-that-moves-the-real-american-war-in-vietnam-by-nick-turse/2013/01/25/f6f8db0c-5e95-11e2-90a0-73c8343c6d61_story.html

Tirman, J. (2015). The human cost of war and how to assess the damage. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2015-10-08/human-cost-war

Turse, N. (2011). America's Saudi air war. Al Jazeera. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/03/2011316131230188238.html

U.S. defense spending compared to other countries (2018). Peter G. Peterson Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.pgpf.org/chart-archive/0053_defense-comparison

United States biggest arms seller, sold $40 billion in arms, says report. (2016). FirstPost. Retrieved from https://www.firstpost.com/world/united-states-biggest-arms-seller-sold-40-billion-in-arms-says-report-3176084.html

Vine, D. (2015). Where in the world is the U.S. military? Politco. Retrieved from https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/06/us-military-bases-around-the-world-119321

Wickenden, D. (2018). The American Bombs Falling on Yemen. The New Yorker. Retrieved from https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/political-scene/the-american-bombs-falling-on-yemen

Peace books

From: https://arizona-asu-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 National Network Opposing the Militarization of Youth (pdf)
  2. ↑ Excerpts:
    Newspaper reports of the two events would surely be written as, in the first case, "A crowd of radicals engaged in riotous behavior" in the second, demented troublemaker broke a window while a group of solid citizens looked on."
    Granovetter proposes that people have two choices and the cost or benefit depend on how many other people have already chosen one of the two choices. There is a threshold, which is the number of people who must choose a particular decision before the one person makes the same decision. The author focuses on the variation and in a group of people, the one person who stands up and starts the riot, for example. For the majority of people joining the riot are contingent on earlier instigators joining the radical. He posits that a very small change in preference can led to a large change overall (Granovetter, 1978).
  3. ↑ i
  4. ↑ ii
  5. ↑ iii
  6. ↑ iv
  7. ↑ vii
  8. ↑ (Found on ASU site)
    400px

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